Last Updated: December 26, 2025
Standing majestically above the Ottawa River, Parliament Hill has been the heart of Canadian democracy for over 150 years and remains the most visited landmark in the nation’s capital.
Parliament Hill is far more than a collection of government buildings. This iconic site on the southern banks of the Ottawa River tells the story of Canada itself, from its origins as a British colony to its emergence as a modern nation. With its stunning Gothic Revival architecture, sweeping lawns, and panoramic river views, Parliament Hill welcomes over 3 million visitors annually. Whether you are a history enthusiast, architecture lover, or simply curious about Canadian democracy, this comprehensive guide will help you make the most of your visit.
Key Highlights
TL;DR: Parliament Hill features stunning Gothic Revival architecture dating from the 1860s, free guided tours year-round, the iconic Peace Tower, and summer events including the Changing of the Guard and Sound and Light Show.
| Quick Facts | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Wellington Street, Ottawa, ON |
| Visitor Centre | 90 Wellington Street |
| Tour Cost | Free |
| Best Time | May-October for outdoor events |
| Hours | Tours daily, check availability |
| Accessibility | Fully accessible with ramps and elevators |
A Rich History: From Construction to Icon
The story of Parliament Hill begins in 1859 when construction started on the original Parliament Buildings. Queen Victoria had chosen Ottawa as the capital of the Province of Canada just two years earlier, and the young city needed buildings worthy of housing its government.
Architects Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones designed the original Centre Block in the Gothic Revival style, drawing inspiration from the British Houses of Parliament. The impressive stone buildings rose on a promontory overlooking the Ottawa River, a site previously known as Barrack Hill. Construction was completed in 1866, just one year before Confederation united the British North American colonies into the Dominion of Canada.
The original buildings served Canada for fifty years before tragedy struck. On February 3, 1916, a devastating fire swept through the Centre Block during a wartime parliamentary session. The flames destroyed most of the building within hours, claiming seven lives and leaving only the Library of Parliament standing thanks to an iron fire door that was closed just in time.
Reconstruction began almost immediately, despite the ongoing First World War. The new Centre Block, designed by architects John A. Pearson and Jean Omer Marchand, rose from the ashes in an even more impressive Gothic Revival style. The rebuilt structure incorporated lessons from the fire, including fireproof construction methods and an elaborate ventilation system.
The Peace Tower: A Monument to Sacrifice
The most recognizable feature of Parliament Hill is the Peace Tower, which replaced the original Victoria Tower that was lost in the 1916 fire. Completed in 1927, this soaring monument stands 92.2 metres tall and serves as a memorial to the Canadians who died in the First World War.
The Peace Tower houses the Memorial Chamber, a small chapel containing the Books of Remembrance that record the names of every Canadian who has died in military service since Confederation. The chamber walls are decorated with stones from the battlefields of France and Belgium where so many Canadians fell.
A 53-bell carillon fills the tower, one of the largest musical instruments in North America. The bells ring out across downtown Ottawa, marking the time and playing musical selections. During summer months, carillonneurs perform recitals that can be heard throughout the parliamentary precinct.
Visitors can take an elevator to the observation deck for breathtaking 360-degree views of Ottawa, Gatineau, and the surrounding region. On clear days, the Gatineau Hills are visible to the north, while the city spreads out in all directions below.
Architectural Treasures of the Hill
Centre Block and Current Renovations
The Centre Block has been undergoing a massive restoration project since 2019. This multi-year renovation will preserve the historic structure while modernizing its systems and ensuring it can serve Canada for another century. While the Centre Block is closed to visitors, the project has opened opportunities to explore other parts of the parliamentary precinct.
The Library of Parliament
The Library of Parliament is the sole survivor of the 1916 fire and remains one of Canada’s most photographed interiors. Completed in 1876, this circular structure features a soaring dome, intricate wood carvings, and galleries lined with thousands of books. The library’s design was inspired by the British Museum Reading Room, and its Gothic Revival details are extraordinarily well preserved.
At the centre of the library stands a white marble statue of Queen Victoria, created by English sculptor Marshall Wood. The statue has welcomed visitors and parliamentarians since the library opened, gazing out from beneath the magnificent dome.
East Block
The East Block is the oldest surviving original structure on Parliament Hill. Dating from the 1860s, it once housed the offices of prime ministers and fathers of Confederation. Restored heritage rooms offer a glimpse into 19th-century political life, with period furnishings and artifacts from the earliest days of Canadian government.
West Block
The West Block underwent extensive renovations and now serves as the temporary home of the House of Commons during the Centre Block restoration. The modern addition that connects to the historic structure features a dramatic glass and steel design that creates an interesting contrast with the Gothic stone facades.
Visiting Parliament Hill: Tours and Experiences
Free Guided Tours
Guided tours of Parliament Hill are free and available year-round. Tours are offered in both English and French and provide fascinating insights into Canadian democracy, parliamentary procedure, and the history of the buildings.
During the Centre Block renovation, tours focus on the West Block, East Block, and Library of Parliament. Knowledgeable guides share stories of prime ministers past and present, parliamentary traditions, and the art and architecture that make these buildings unique.
The Visitor Welcome Centre
The Visitor Welcome Centre at 90 Wellington Street is your starting point for all Parliament Hill experiences. Here you can pick up tour tickets, browse exhibits about Canadian democracy, and learn about the history of the Hill. The centre also offers practical information about current events and accessibility services.
Changing of the Guard
From late June through late August, the Changing of the Guard ceremony takes place daily on the front lawn of Parliament Hill. This colorful ceremony features the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the Canadian Guards in their distinctive red tunics and bearskin caps. The half-hour ceremony begins at 10:00 AM and is free to watch.
Sound and Light Show
Summer evenings bring the spectacular Sound and Light Show to Parliament Hill. This free multimedia presentation projects images and video onto the Centre Block facade while music and narration tell the story of Canada. Shows run nightly from early July through mid-September and draw crowds of visitors who spread blankets on the lawn to enjoy the spectacle.
The Centennial Flame
At the entrance to Parliament Hill burns the Centennial Flame, ignited on January 1, 1967, to mark Canada’s 100th birthday. The flame has burned continuously ever since, a symbol of Canadian unity and history.
The bronze fountain surrounding the flame features shields representing each province and territory, with the date each joined Confederation. Visitors often toss coins into the water, and these donations are collected periodically to support Canadians with disabilities.
Practical Tips for Your Visit
Reservations: While walk-up tickets are sometimes available, reservations are strongly recommended, especially during peak tourist season from May through October. Book online through the Parliament of Canada website.
Security Screening: All visitors must pass through airport-style security screening before entering the buildings. Plan to arrive at least 15 minutes before your tour time.
Photography: Photography is permitted in most areas, though flash photography and tripods may be restricted in certain locations. Always follow the guidance of your tour guide.
Accessibility: Parliament Hill is fully accessible to visitors with mobility challenges. The Visitor Welcome Centre and all tour routes feature ramps, elevators, and accessible washrooms. Wheelchairs are available on request.
Best Times to Visit: Early morning tours tend to be less crowded. Summer offers the most activities but also the largest crowds. Fall visits provide beautiful foliage and smaller groups.
FAQ
Q: Are Parliament Hill tours really free?
Yes, all guided tours of Parliament Hill are completely free. Tickets are distributed through the Visitor Welcome Centre at 90 Wellington Street, and online reservations are recommended.
Q: Can I visit the Centre Block? The Centre Block has been closed for restoration since 2019 and will remain closed for several more years. However, tours of the West Block, East Block, and Library of Parliament are available.
Q: How long does a Parliament Hill tour take? Most guided tours last approximately 45 minutes to one hour. Plan additional time for security screening and exploring the grounds on your own.
Q: Is Parliament Hill open in winter? Yes, guided tours run year-round. Winter visits offer shorter lines and a unique perspective on the buildings against snowy landscapes.
Q: Can I bring food to Parliament Hill? Picnicking on the Parliament Hill lawns is permitted during daylight hours. Several food vendors operate near the Hill during summer months.
Final Thoughts
Parliament Hill stands as one of Canada’s most significant heritage sites and essential destinations for anyone visiting Ottawa. Whether you come for the stunning Gothic architecture, the rich history, or the living democracy that continues to unfold within its walls, the Hill offers an unforgettable experience. From the soaring Peace Tower to the intimate splendor of the Library of Parliament, from the pomp of the Changing of the Guard to the magic of the summer Sound and Light Show, Parliament Hill rewards visitors with memories that last a lifetime.
Source: Parliament of Canada, Parks Canada
